Following a judgment in a preliminary reference procedure before the Court of Justice of the EU, the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Dutch Council of State - the highest Dutch administrative court - has made clear that several Dutch mayors were right to reject passport applications based on EU law. In these four cases, citizens had applied for a passport but had refused to give the required fingerprints. The court also made clear in three related judgments that the mayors could not refuse to issue identity cards on these grounds, as there was no European obligation to do so.