Campaigners in the Netherlands, led by the Urgenda Foundation, are taking the government to court for allegedly failing to protect its citizens from climate change. The Urgenda Climate Case is the first case in Europe in which citizens attempt to hold a state responsible for its potentially devastating inaction. It is also the first case in the world in which human rights are used as a legal basis to protect citizens against climate change. The campaigners want the judges to compel the Dutch government to reduce its carbon emissions to 40 percent below 1990s levels by 2020.