A new study by the Leibniz Center for European Economic Research (ZEW) in Mannheim, shows that the risk of becoming a victim of hate crimes – such as hate speech, offensive graffiti, physical assault, and arson attacks – is 10 times higher for asylum seekers in eastern states than in the west of Germany. The researchers looked at 1,155 incidents between 2013 and 2015 and found that the decisive factor was the experience locals had with immigrants in the past. The number of foreigners, which are much higher in the west, and local economic conditions only played minor roles.