Irish privacy group Digital Rights Ireland will challenge the validity of Privacy Shield, the new EU-US digital data transfer agreement. The challenge will question Privacy Shield’s adequacy, given that its provisions are not actually fixed in US law, and argue that it does not address the problems of its predecessor, the Safe Harbor Agreement, which was found to inadequately protect EU citizens' rights. The legal challenge could eventually be appealed to the EU Court of Justice, affecting new legislation, establishing fresh case law, and redefining the boundaries of EU-US trade relations.