A court in Spain has ordered the first criminal investigation into Syrian government officials' actions during the country's civil war. The case involves a Spanish woman of Syrian birth who says her brother was tortured and executed by Syrian security forces in 2013. His death and apparent torture were confirmed by photographs smuggled out of Syria. The court decided Spain has the jurisdiction to investigate the case because the deceased's sister is a Spanish national, and family members of those killed in international crimes can be considered victims.