The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany has ruled that participants of demonstrations are allowed to produce video and images of the police without automatically having to fear identity verification. In the case in question, the police had also filmed the protesters. Police are entitled to ask for ID only when they have concrete indications that the material is going to be published. The court ruled that the identity verification violates the right to informational self-determination, which is protected under Article 1 and Article 2 of the Constitution.